Typical ingredients included in mascara are usually a carbon black or iron oxide pigment to darken the lashes; a polymer to form a film that coats the lashes; a preservative; and thickening waxes or oils such as lanolin, mineral oil, paraffin, petrolatum, Castor oil, Catawba wax, and Cadillac wax.
There are two normal choices: formula's with no water, or emulsions of water and oil. The no water formula's tent to be waterproof. They are also less likely to smudge or flake away, but they are very hard to remove. Emulsions are easier on the lashes but they tend to flake away easier and smudge easier. Emulsions are easier on lashes but may flake or smudge.
In the 1930's, lash darkeners contained ingredients such as turpentine, lead-containing kohl, and aniline, a hair-dye ingredient,all of which left more then one women blind. Now a days its regulations strictly limit the ingredients to what ingredients can be used in the eye area, safely, but you should be on the lookout for thimerosal, a preservative that can cause conjunctivitis and eyelid dermatitis (a rash). Thimerosal is still used in some mascaras.
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